What is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a viral infection that causes inflammation of the liver.
It is highly contagious and can lead to a range of symptoms from mild illness to severe liver problems. While most people recover fully without lasting liver damage, Hepatitis A can be serious, especially in older adults and people with existing liver conditions.
Signs and Symptoms of Hepatitis A
Not everyone infected with Hepatitis A will experience symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they typically appear 2 to 7 weeks after exposure to the virus. Adults are more likely to have symptoms than children.
Common Symptoms of Hepatitis A
Symptoms of Hepatitis A can include:
- Fever
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Extreme tiredness
- Dark urine and pale-colored stools
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Joint pain
These symptoms can last for a few weeks to several months. Most people recover fully, but in rare cases, Hepatitis A can cause liver failure, particularly in older adults and those with chronic liver diseases.
How Do You Get Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is spread when the virus is ingested, even in very small amounts. This usually happens through person-to-person contact or by consuming contaminated food or drinks. The virus can be transmitted through:
- Sexual activity involving the anus
- Sharing injecting equipment
- Using eating or drinking utensils handled by an infected person
- Sharing cigarettes, joints, or bongs
- Eating contaminated shellfish
People with Hepatitis A are infectious for about three weeks, starting two weeks before symptoms appear and continuing for about a week after symptoms begin.
Testing for Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is diagnosed with a blood test. If you have been exposed to the virus, a blood test can detect antibodies indicating a current or past infection. Once a person has had Hepatitis A, they typically develop immunity, meaning they are unlikely to get the infection again.
Treatment for Hepatitis A
There is no specific treatment for Hepatitis A, as the infection usually clears on its own within a month.
However, some people may experience symptoms for several months. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and supporting the body’s recovery. This includes:
- Getting plenty of rest
- Drinking fluids to stay hydrated
- Eating a balanced diet
- Avoiding alcohol and substances that can strain the liver
In severe cases, hospitalization may be required.
Preventing Hepatitis A
The most effective way to prevent Hepatitis A is through vaccination. The vaccine is safe and effective and is often recommended for people at higher risk of infection. Two doses of the vaccine are required, with the second dose given 6 to 12 months after the first. There is also a combination vaccine available for Hepatitis A and B, which requires three doses.
In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene is crucial. This includes:
- Washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after using the toilet and before eating or preparing food
- Washing hands before and after sexual activity
- Avoiding sharing eating and drinking utensils, cigarettes, or drug paraphernalia
Telling Your Partner About Hepatitis A
If you have been diagnosed with Hepatitis A, it’s important to inform anyone you may have exposed to the virus, including sexual partners and others you live with or have close contact with. This helps them take precautions and seek medical advice if necessary.
TellYourPartner.com provides a discreet way to notify your partners anonymously. Ensuring they receive the necessary information to protect their health without revealing your identity.